The Fourth Industrial Revolution for Every Industry: A Taxonomy of Industry 4.0​

Industry 4.0 encompasses the digitization and interlinking of the entire value chain of a physical, product-based industry. Industry 4.0 use cases directly impact the product lifecycle, and are motivated by either top-line revenue growth or bottom-line savings. We develop a taxonomy for Industry 4.0 based on the product-centric value chain, spanning from product development to post-sales support. Within each stage, we lay out key use cases, applications, and technologies that can be implemented today. Additionally, we outline key considerations around ROI and ease of implementation when considering an Industry 4.0 project.